Evaluation Model of the Systems Thinking Level of the Organization (Case Study: an Iranian Oil Company)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract

According to various societal problems, the related problems and issues are expected to be solved gradually. However, by referring to the responsible organizations, we realize that appropriate actions have not been implemented to solve those problems. Regarding the role of systems thinking in organizational learning and improvement, whether the organization is at the proper level of systems thinking to carry out empowering projects should be considered. This research aims to determine an appropriate evaluation model based on experts' opinions to evaluate the organisation's level of systems thinking, which is a research gap regarding the reviewed articles. The proposed research methodology consists of three main phases: defining evaluation indicators and criteria, completing the questionnaire based on the fuzzy Delphi technique and Kendall's coefficient, and determining the organization's systems thinking maturity level. A case study was conducted for an Iranian oil company; it was determined that the company was at the systems thinking confrontation of thoughts level. Therefore, it is necessary to make appropriate arrangements to promote the systems thinking of that company. The main contribution of the research is to provide an evaluation model of the systems thinking level of the organization based on the excellence model of the systems thinking levels of the organization. The unique feature of the proposed model is to pay attention to the thinking style, attitudinal and interactive criteria of systems thinking, including 33 criteria categorized into three leading indicators. This research suggests using the presented model to evaluate the level of systems thinking in different organizations and companies and to implement appropriate approaches to improve the level of systems thinking in organizations and companies before implementing any organizational empowering project.

Keywords


Ahmadvand, A. M, Abbasi Gravand, A, and Onghaei, F. 2021. Investigating the impact of systems thinking on continuous improvement in the organization using the structural equation model method (case study: Sangan Steel Mining Company, Khorasan). The second conference on systems thinking in practice. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1386070.
Alipouri, H. R. 2021. Studying and examining the interrelationship of systems thinking and strategic thinking in the organization and its mutual influence on the level of individual and organizational development. The 7th National Conference of Modern Researches in the Humanities and Social Studies of Iran. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1380582.
Arnold, R.D. and Wade, J.P., 2015. A definition of systems thinking: A systems approach. Procedia computer science, 44, pp.669-678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.050.
Bagheri, R., Peyvandeh, B., and Molanuri, S. 2022. A review of systems thinking in organization and management. The first national conference on innovation in management, accounting and economics research. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1461366.
Bahill, A.T. and Gissing, B., 1998. Re-evaluating systems engineering concepts using systems thinking. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), 28(4), pp.516-527. https://doi.org/10.1109/5326.725338.
Bakhshandeh, M., and Zare Mehrjardi, Y. 2019. The model of organizational systems thinking excellence levels based on the thinkings of the organization. The first national conference on systems thinking in practice, Mashhad. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/974069.
Benninghaus, J.C., Mühling, A., Kremer, K. and Sprenger, S., 2019. The mystery method reconsidered—A tool for assessing systems thinking in education for sustainable development. Education Sciences, 9(4), p.260. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9040260.
Brown, P., 2019. A mixed method study: Assessing critical thinking, metacognition, and motivation in a flipped classroom instructional model. PHD dissertation, the University of Southern Mississippi. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/1639/.
Burandt, S., 2011. Effects of an educational scenario exercise on participants’ competencies of systemic thinking. Journal of Social Sciences, 7(1), pp.51-62. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2011.51.62.
Cabrera, L., Sokolow, J. and Cabrera, D., 2021. Developing and validating a measurement of systems thinking: The systems thinking and metacognitive inventory (STMI). Routledge handbook of systems thinking, pp.1-42. London, UK. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28639.38566.
Camelia, F. and Ferris, T.L., 2018. Validation studies of a questionnaire developed to measure students’ engagement with systems thinking. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 48(4), pp.574-585. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2016.2607224.
Castelle, K.M. and Jaradat, R.M., 2016. Development of an instrument to assess capacity for systems thinking. Procedia Computer Science, 95, pp.80-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.296
Cunningham, J.B. and MacGregor, J.N., 2019. A Self‐Report Measure of Productive Thinking in Solving Insight Problems. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 53(1), pp. 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.169.
Fakhimi Hosseinzad, S., and Mirzaei Daryani, Sh. 2016. Evaluation of systems thinking at the level of managers of water and sewage company in east Azerbaijan province and its relationship with the effectiveness of their performance. The first national conference of new approaches in accounting and management. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/596962.
Farhadi, A., Fathabadi, H., and Rashidi, M. 2020. The effect of systems thinking on improving organizational performance in military units. C4I Journal, 4(1). pp.70-85. [In Persian]. http://ic4i-journal.ir/article-1-138-en.html.
Grohs, J.R., 2015. Developing a measure of systems thinking competency (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University). https://www.proquest.com/openview/483c7aa74c4da2d23a43d96e399ac833/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750.
Grohs, J.R., Kirk, G.R., Soledad, M.M. and Knight, D.B., 2018. Assessing systems thinking: A tool to measure complex reasoning through ill-structured problems. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 28, pp.110-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.03.003.
Habibi, A., Jahantigh, F.F. and Sarafrazi, A., 2015. Fuzzy Delphi technique for forecasting and screening items. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 5(2), pp.130-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2015.00036.5.
Hadgraft, R. G, Carew, A. L., Therese, S. A., and Blundell, D. L. 2008. Teaching and assessing systems thinking in engineering. Research in Engineering Education Symposium, 2008, pp. 230–235. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242291529_Teaching_and_Assessing_Systems_Thinking_in_Engineering.
Hassanzadeh Naeini, H. 2022. Obstacles and benefits of systems thinking. 13th International Research Conference on Management, Economy and Development. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1491066.
Helali, A. 2020. Understanding systems thinking. Civil and Project Journal, 2(10), pp. 77-87. [In Persian].
Hu, M. and Shealy, T., 2018, June. Methods for measuring systems thinking: Differences between student self-assessment, concept map scores, and cortical activation during tasks about sustainability. In 2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. Retrieved from https://peer.asee.org/30807.
Jackson, M. 2003. Systems thinking: creative holism for managers. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://www.wiley.com/en-sg/Systems+Thinking:+Creative+Holism+for+Managers-p-9780470845226.
Jaradat, R. M., Keating, C. B., and Bradley, J. M. 2018. Individual capacity and organizational competency for systems thinking. IEEE Systems Journal, 12(2), pp. 1210-1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2017.2652218
Joubert, Y.T. and Swart, C., 2019. Developing a team performance framework utilising Neethling’s thinking style preference instrument. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(1), pp.1-11. https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.4102/sajhrm.v17i0.1203
Kendall, M.G. and Smith, B.B., 1939. The problem of m rankings. The annals of mathematical statistics, 10(3), pp.275-287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177732186.
Khazri, Sh., Rafiei, M., and Asadi Sankachini, F. 2021. Examining the importance and applications of systems thinking in different work and non-work fields. 9th National Conference on Sustainable Development in Educational Sciences and Psychology, Social and Cultural Studies. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1239234
Loqhman Starki, S., and Hematian, A. 2021. Investigating the impact of systems and strategic thinking on the transformation of organizational culture. The 12th international conference on modern Research in management, economics and development. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1446030
Mahanal, S., Zubaidah, S., Sumiati, I.D., Sari, T.M. and Ismirawati, N., 2019. RICOSRE: A Learning Model to Develop Critical Thinking Skills for Students with Different Academic Abilities. International Journal of Instruction, 12(2), pp.417-434. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12227a.
Mahmoudi. M. 2021. Intelligent systems thinking and the need to use it in metropolises. The 8th national conference on applied research in civil engineering, architecture and urban management. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1549433
Manzelsaz Kermani, M., Torabi, A., and Nabizadeh Noughabi, M. 2021. Systems thinking as the basis of effectiveness in Mashhad Municipality, the second international conference on modern approaches to management, psychology and humanities in the 21st century. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1420361
Mirsepassi, N., Toloie-eshlaghy, A., Memarzadeh, G., and Peidaie, M. 2011. Designing the model of human resource excellence in Iranian public sectors by fuzzy Delphi technique. uture study Management, 21(87), pp. 1-22. [In Persian].
Mohammadi Fateh, O., Yadalhi, M., and Mohammadi Fateh, A. A. 2021. Identifying and evaluating the status of individual dimensions and components of systems thinking of managers. The second international conference on new ideas in management, economics, accounting and banking. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1425875.
Mostafa Pour, M. A., Samiei, R., and Mostaghimi, M. R. 2021. Identification and ranking of indicators affecting the health of the administrative system with a fuzzy Delphi approach (Case study: Courts of Northern Provinces). The Journal of Modern Research on Administrative Law, 3(8), pp. 217-243. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22034/mral.2021.523490.1109.
Plack, M.M., Goldman, E.F., Scott, A.R., Pintz, C., Herrmann, D., Kline, K., Thompson, T. and Brundage, S.B., 2018. Systems thinking and systems-based practice across the health professions: an inquiry into definitions, teaching practices, and assessment. Teaching and learning in medicine, 30(3), pp.242-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2017.1398654.
Plate, R. and Monroe, M., 2014. A structure for assessing systems thinking. The Creative Learning Exchange, 23(1), pp.1-3.http://static.clexchange.org/ftp/newsletter/CLEx23.1.pdf.
Rastgar, S., and Movahedifar, S. M. 2021. Investigation and evaluation of the impact of systems thinking on project management in construction projects (case study: construction projects of Kashmir city). The first conference on civil engineering, urban planning, architecture and environment. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1406625.
Sanei, M., and Shams, L. 2020. Systems thinking and its application in urban management. The second conference on urban management, urban planning and architecture with the approach of economics and urban development. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1237567.
Sattari Ardabili, F., and Rahbar Hadi Biglo, R. 2012. Systems thinking. First National Conference of Systems Approach. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/144020.
Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: the art and practice of learning organization. New York Doubleday/Currency. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930290308.
Shrubsole, C., Hamilton, I.G., Zimmermann, N., Papachristos, G., Broyd, T., Burman, E., Mumovic, D., Zhu, Y., Lin, B. and Davies, M., 2019. Bridging the gap: The need for a systems thinking approach in understanding and addressing energy and environmental performance in buildings. Indoor and built environment, 28(1), pp.100-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326X17753513.
Sterman, J. D. 2000. Business dynamics: systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, New York, NY. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/102741.
Tadbiri, Gh. (2021). Examining the necessity and role of systems thinking in Tehran municipality management. The 8th national conference of applied researches in civil engineering, architecture and urban management. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/1537891.
Zare, H., Nayebzadeh, S., Davodi Roknabdi, A. and Hatami-Nasab, S.H., 2023. Identifying indicators and factors affecting consumers' purchase intention of cosmeceutical masks through content analysis and the Delphi technique. International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications. http://dx.doi.org/10.22075/ijnaa.2022.29256.4101.
CAPTCHA Image